Network Operating Systems Essay Example for Free

System Operating Systems Essay Performing multiple tasks is the point at which the working framework is by all accounts performing at least two undertakings simultaneously, for example MS Word and MS Access, anyway these errands are not really running all the while as they are really inhabitant in memory processor is really exchanging between undertakings at a rapid, hence every client considers their to be task as having need. One inconvenience can be that the more projects that are controlled by the client, the more memory that is required. Performing various tasks can be part into two classifications, co-usable and pre-emptive. Co-employable is the point at which the procedure right now controlling the CPU must offer a decent portion of the CPU to every single different procedure, henceforth Co-usable, as all procedures must co-work for it to work appropriately. Therefore a MUOS will permit at least two clients a portion of the framework assets simultaneously. The utilization of the assets must be spread equally between the prerequisites of the clients so an issue with one client doesn't turn into an issue between all clients. Instances of co-employable performing various tasks would be Windows 3x and Macintosh. Pre-emptive is the point at which the applications are compelled to share the CPU whether they need to or not and instances of this are Windows 95, NT and UNIX. How print sharing works? NOS A print server permits different clients access to a solitary printer. A print server will likewise give you data on the utilization of the printer. All print occupations are sent to a Network Printer, constrained by the server, where they will hold up in go to be printed. For instance, you can: Perceive what number of individuals are utilizing the printer; Set cutoff points to the utilization; Give higher need to certain workstations, permitting them to print before others; See who is at present printing or; See when your print work is coming up. MUOS The Multi-User Operating System Linux utilizes a printing framework called LPD, which continually runs as a foundation procedure and goes about as a spooler for records when they are required to be printed. Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line) is the place all information/yield of non-shareable gadgets is diverted to a transitional shareable gadget. This is done, for instance to stop different procedures lining for extensive stretches of time to get to a specific gadget. The most widely recognized type of spooling would be print spooling, where reports are printed at the printers own rate in the wake of being stacked into a middle shareable region (cradle).) is the place all information/yield of non-shareable gadgets is diverted to a moderate shareable gadget. This is done, for instance to stop different procedures lining for significant stretches of time to get to a specific gadget. The most widely recognized type of spooling would be print spooling, where reco rds are printed at the printers own rate in the wake of being stacked into a transitional shareable zone (cradle). Framework Failure and Robustness On a MUOS, information must be upheld up all the time, as though the server goes down then all unsaved work or information on the system is lost. It is in this way important to make a printed version of extremely significant information. It is additionally essential to have a recuperation circle made upon establishment. Be that as it may, on a Network Operating System there is a framework disappointment then just the unsaved information on the genuine customer is lost and not over the whole Network. The customers will at present be completely operational without the server itself. A Multi-User Operating System will in general be significantly more hearty than a Network Operating System. It is generally perceived that windows specifically is entirely flighty now and again and is inclined to lethal mistakes. This isn't the situation with any semblance of Unix or Linux. Application, record sharing and document locking Record sharing is a significant piece of a Network Operating System. Clients will consistently need to access and offer similar documents over a system and giving them usernames and passwords can do this. Be that as it may if at least two clients were to attempt to get to a similar record (for instance, a Word report) simultaneously and the two clients on the Network had peruse and compose get to, at that point just a single client would be conceded access at once and the other would be denied. This idea is known as File Locking. This could be viewed as an essential traffic framework, in the event that you like, where when one client approaches a record then the red light is turned on. At that point, when the main client has gotten done with the specific record, the green light shows and the subsequent client is allowed to get to the information. In a Multi User Operating System, you would locate an alternate technique known as NFS (Network File System). This is a where the server or Network Administrator can control which clients can have which kind of access to various applications or documents at explicit occasions. Correlation Design Clients A Network Operating System utilizes a Graphical User Interface, as it is a piece of the Microsoft Windows family, which are altogether GUIs. This makes the Operating System a lot simpler to use from numerous points of view, for example, being more easy to understand and simpler to learn. Anyway a Multi-User Operating System like Unix for instance would utilize a Command Line Interface. This has its great and terrible focuses being that the client has more noteworthy degree of power over orders; the System is progressively steady and doesn't utilize unreasonable framework assets. Then again, the clients wouldâ have to acquaint themselves with a great deal of orders which can be tedious. Both have the Kernel as the core of the Operating System. This is the piece of the working framework that heaps first, and it stays in fundamental memory and regularly, is liable for memory the executives, I/O framework the board, record framework the board, procedure and undertaking the board and planning, and plate the board. The Kernel is basically the core of the working framework that offers essential types of assistance for every other part of the working framework. For each procedure, the Kernel holds a procedure identifier, the client personality and the size and area of the p rocedure. A Network Operating System and a Multi-User Operating System will regularly work utilizing Thick and Thin customers individually: Slim Client: No hard plate on customer Associated with a server Applications run on server Information put away on server Mouse, Video, Keyboard and so on through which you can get to server Can bolster sound, CD-ROM and so forth. Thick Client: Customer has own hard circle Customer has extra room Customer can have own applications put away And so forth. Fundamentally something contrary to Thin customers A Network Operating System can bolster a huge number of customers over a Local Area Network as can a Multi User Operating System. Conventions and Internetworking All together for a Network Operating System to send or get information, the information must be separated into bundles by a technique called a convention. Windows NT utilizes the IPX/SPX, NetBEUI, and TCP/IP conventions for organize correspondence. Netware utilizes IPX/SPX. UNIX, Linux, and the Internet all utilization TCP/IP. While various conventions as a rule can't talk straightforwardly with one another, most Network Operating Software can see more than one convention. This likewise includes the chance of Internetworking for most Network working Systems as they can impart openly over various Networks not at all like MUOS. The two sorts of working framework (NOS and MUOS) have worked in TCP/IP organizing, for correspondences over all types of systems, and between all types of PCs. Different Protocols and the particular layers of the OSI models at which they work are appeared here: Application Telnet, HTML Introduction SMB, NCP Meeting NETBIOS (NETBEUI) Transport TCP System IP. TCP/IP, IPX/SPX Information Link Ethernet Physical Radio Adaptability: Multi User Operating Systems are unquestionably increasingly versatile in light of the fact that they can run on truly every equipment stage, from the slowest equipment to the universes quickest. Moreover, most UNIX working frameworks bolster more than one processor, so a machine designed with 4 processors can bolster a lot a larger number of clients than a machine with one processor of a similar kind. Security: Safety efforts are significant on any Operating System. On a Network working System, for example, Win 2000 server it would be genuinely simple to introduce a type of security programming (Firewall, for example, one of the Norton Internet Security bundles. Hostile to infection programming is likewise promptly accessible and generally utilized. With a Multi-User Operating System, for example, Unix, there are various security devices accessible to download as Freeware that play out an immense range of various errands identifying with security. Equipment necessities: the Typical Hardware prerequisites for introducing two distinctive Operating Systems (Linux and windows 2000 server) are appeared here beneath (least and suggested): MUOS (Linux) Least Requirements 200 MHZ Processor required 32MB RAM 650MB Hard Drive Cd ROM System Card NOS (Windows 2000 Server) Least Requirements Pentium perfect 133MHZ or quicker 128MB RAM 2GB Hard Drive 1GB Free Suggested Requirements Pentium II 200MHZ 256 MB RAM 9GB Hard Drive 2GB Free Album Rom System Card Expenses: Monetarily, Multi-User an Operating System would be substantially more practical than a Network Operating System because of the way that the MUOS can utilize idiotic Terminals, which fundamentally implies that most of the equipment and all the more significantly programming is on the genuine server for example the customers (workstations) have just the fundamental parts expected to work. These would include Keyboard, Mouse, screen and so forth anyway in case of having an extremely huge Network this could as a result end up similarly as expensive as a Network Operating System. Job of Network Administrator The job of a system chairman in enormous organizations and counseling firms might be just overseeing system servers, including clients, and including printers. Notwithstanding, most system overseers do some work area support just as controlling system addresses, conventions utilized, and the system interfaces on the grounds that these are all clearly organize parts. The system executive will a

Revolution Essay Example

American Revolution and Native Peoples The American Revolutionary War (1775â€1783), battled between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the thirteen United Colonies, was the finish of the political American Revolution. The homesteaders battled for its political opportunity and assumed responsibility for each province, driven out most illustrious authorities in 1775, and announced as another country, the United States of America, in 1776. In 1778 the vast majority of the European Nations had joined against Britain. Local Americans battled for both British and American sides. After American’s triumph at Saratoga in 1777, France, with Spain and the Netherlands as its partners, joined the war against Britain. French maritime triumph in the Chesapeake prompted the acquiescence of a British armed force at Yorktown in 1781. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 finished the war and perceived the sway of the United States (wikipedia n.pag 2007). This was not a conflict predominantly about financial matters, however about the estimations of vote based government. At the end of the day this was additionally a traditionalist upset. A significant number of those significant in the opportunity development were generally reluctant to break the connection with Britain and thought about it as a last choice. They additionally demanded that in restricting the British government they were simply expressing their privileges as Englishmen and it was the British government that had first disturbed the ‘status quo’ by implementing unlawful dealings in the provinces. The Quebec Act 1774 was the most scary, which approve the French Canadians and Indian partners to settle in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, consequently removing the improvement of the provinces toward the west. Rising sharpness in the settlements prompted the First Continental Congress in 1774. The Revolutionary War began at Lexington in April 1775 and the decla ration of opportunity officially breaking the association between the settlements and Britain was marked on 4 July 1776 (Mervin n.pag.) The Royal Proclamation of 1763 which attempted to check pioneer augmentation past the Appalachian Mountains, and had antagonized numerous American homesteaders. The Native Indians comprehended that the Revolution was a battle for Indian land and for freedom. A couple of Indian ethnic gatherings did battle against American homesteaders and alternately, a few Indians from the mission town at Stockbridge in western Massachusetts, bolstered American pioneers. They got enlisted as minutemen even before the event of the battling, joined Washingtons military, and served in New York, New Jersey, and Canada. The Revolution partitioned the Iroquois association. Mohawks guided by Joseph Brant adhered on to their extremely old devotion to the British, and at last the dominant part Cayugas, Onondagas, and Senecas joined with them. Anyway Oneidas and Tuscaroras upheld the Americans. The Revolution appeared to be a common war for the Iroquois, since Oneidas battled with Senecas at the Battle of Ori skany in 1777. Iroquois set back were expanded in 1779 when General John Sullivan instructed an American armed force through their country, setting fire on forty towns and destroying all yields. A portion of the Native Americans, for example, Guyashuta of the Senecas, Cornstalk of the Shawnees, and White Eyes of the Delawares of Ohio nation made a decent attempt to move an impartial course in the start of the war. By the Treaty of Fort Pitt in 1778, Delawares and Americans guaranteed enduring harmony and companionship. Anyway after Americans murdered White Eyes and Cornstalk, and slaughter regular citizens Moravian Delawares at the mission town of Gnadenhutten, Ohio Native Indians made normal explanation with the British. They won and kept on restricting American development for quite a long time after the Revolution. In the year 1783, according to the particulars of the Peace of Paris, without giving any significance to its Indian partners, Britain returned United States its whole locale. The United States kept on spreading out westbound, increasing Indian grounds through bargain and forcibly. The Native Stockbridges and Oneidas who had helped the Americans lost their properties and furthermore Senecas and Shawnees who had struggled against the Americans. In actuality, Indians battled in the Revolution for Indian freedom and Indian local soil, not for the British realm. Be that as it may, dominant part of Americans accepted that Indians had sponsored British realm. The country imagined in opportunity requires, feel no lament about seize and drive out the individuals who had fought against its introduction to the world (Calloway n.pag 2003). Work Cited Calloway, C.G. Native Americans and the American Revolutionâ 17 October, 2003. National Park Service, U.S. Division of the Interior. 30 June, 2007  http://www.nps.gov/revwar/about_the_revolution/american_indians.html Mervin, D. American Revolutionâ Answers.com. Political Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Inc 30 June, 2007 http://www.answers.com/theme/american-revolution?cat=biz-blade Wikipedia, American Revolutionary War 29 June,2007. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 30 June, 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War Let Us Do Your Assignment Now We can’t hold on to assist you with accomplishing your work. In the event that you’ve set aside such a great amount of effort to peruse this, perhaps you need authentic assistance. So in a split second call us and let us know, â€Å"do my assignment.† Place your request now.

My Trip to Curtis Orchard

My Trip to Curtis Orchard Recently, I went to Curtis Orchard here in Champaign-Urbana. I believe I went two years ago, and I was sad that I didnt get to go last year, but I was delighted to go again! Firstly, the weather on the day that we went was phenomenal. It was so nice to just be outside and enjoy all the trees and fall plants. Curtis Orchard has a variety of things for sale in their shop and a lot of places to explore outside, so you can find a variety of things to do. The main outdoor area has a Wizard of Oz theme, and I enjoy admiring the whimsical art. I decided to purchase a big bag of apples, and I have loved eating them, as I think they are the perfect fall food, and have kept me satisfied during a busy few weeks. Sarah Class of 2018 I'm from Grand Rapids, Michigan. I'm majoring in Communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Walt Disney The Man Behind The Mouse - 1011 Words

1 Darryl Butler Dr. Ellis English 1 29 May 2016 Walt Disney â€Å"The man behind the mouse† The influential person that I have chosen to write about is Walt Disney. Walt Disney is the most influential person that has ever existed. Walt Disney is important because of the way he impacted the world. Some of the reason Walt Disney is influential is because of his perseverance and his ability to dream big. Walt Disney’s legacy will live on for ever. Doing the impossible is one of the things that makes Walt so influential. Throughout his whole life he did things that people said were impossible. People told Walt that he could never make a carton with fully synchronized sound (Postma,2016).Even†¦show more content†¦During the last two decades of his life Walt Disney’s influence on theme parks dramatically increased. It all started when Walt decided to build a park where people of all ages could have fun together. This all started when he realized that there were no amusement parks intended for people of all ages. This how the idea of Disneyland started. Disneyland was built on the idea of being a place where everyone could have fun and feel secluded from the outside world. When Disneyland opened it became so popular that it became a model of what you should look for in a good theme park (Postma,2016). Disneyland was so influential that it inspired 5 other Disney resorts worldwide which all together included 10 others theme parks . Disney theme parks actually the must popular theme parks in the world (Inside the Magic,2016). The Shanghai Disneyland resort will be the newest Disney Resort when it open on June 16 2016. Walt Disney is famously known for improving on things that already exist. Most of the movies that Walt made were based of Europe stories. The stories of characters like Snow White and Pinocchio existed way before Walt made movie about them. All Walt did is make improvements to the plots of those stories. Theme parks existed before Disneyland. Walt Disney just made major improvements to the idea of what a theme park should be. Before Walt Disney made Disneyland amusement parks were really only made for kids. Now

Research Based Argument Essay Topics Guide

Research Based Argument Essay Topics Guide Never grumble about needing to support children you didn't need to have. Children start to dislike learning since they are too busy attempting to find an A'' to concentrate on anything else. They are told that they have to get good grades to be good children. They also all learn in different ways. Facts, Fiction and Research Based Argument Essay Topics In that instance, you may want to assume the occurrence of God in your opening paragraph rather than spending several pages providing an argument for the presence of God. It's unethical to exclude evidence which might not support the thesis. You would then have to offer an argument which indicates that a specific mind-independent moral obligation exists. You would have to first provide an argument for the presence of mind-independent moral obligations. Where to Find Research Based Argument Essay Topics Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you , and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. The essay should have a little structure, unlike a normal essay. Your essay should consist of recent statistics and data from reliable sources. Starting your essay with a counterargument is frequently one of the most troublesome strategies to commence an essay. An argumentative essay is among the many academic essay types. Writing a persuasive, argumentative essay can be challenging, and at times it can find a little confusing. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Research Based Argument Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Explain to your audience your selection of the subject, why it's critical, and the way you talking about it can really make a difference. You might also want to incorporate a quick discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. So, it's much better to ensure it is outstanding and nothing short of perfect so the audience agrees with you in the very long run. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The Chronicles of Research Based Argument Essay Topics It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points you can counter to your own points. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. It is a writing piece meant to persuade someone to think the way you do. Writing an argumentative essay can occasionally be confusing as you don't necessarily understand how to compose a convincing argument. Getting in a position to compose a strong argument will allow you to succeed in society. Facts, finally, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. In fact, however, hardly any instances of intervention by armed civilians are recorded previously at scenes of crime. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. Whether there are any main limitations of your work, it's possible to also mention this in brief within the introduction. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good idea to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Look through the list of topics with care and commence making a mental collection of the evidence you may use on topics you want. Essentially anything that should be understood before reading the remainder of the essay is background info, and ought to be included in the introduction. Lies You've Been Told About Research Based Argument Essay Topics Besides, keep in mind that the secret to a prosperous argumentative essay is in finding suitable evidence to strengthen your opinion. Please remember that the next examples only represent a small part of the unique ethical arguments that philosophers have made throughout time. Emphasize your position is the very best by summarizing the principal points of your argument. While the focus is largely on your side, there's also a discussion concerning the opposing side which goes far beyond a si ngle sentence or a paragraph. The Foolproof Research Based Argument Essay Topics Strategy When selecting a definition, bear in mind that there are many kinds of ethical arguments and that the manner in which you argue for your specific claim depends in large part on how you define your terms. Even though both work to the improvement of a business, the broad disparity has the capacity to induce a whole lot of grudge and bad vibes. In consensus, a huge section of the stock exchange analysts and traders appear to believe that the CEO has an immediate effect on the operation of the organization. Clearly, the expectation and the trajectory of a business largely depends on the vision of the individual in charge CEO.

Self Development Assignment Free Essays

This assignment is designed to help you understand yourself. In this course, you will explore who you are in terms of your personality, skills and values. Further, you will examine how you work and interact with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Development Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In it, you will explore two areas of strength, two areas of weakness, and then you will develop a plan of action focused on one of your strengths and one of your weaknesses. It is expected that this assignment will contribute to your sense of self-awareness and thus help you make wise choices about your future. As part of our in-class activities, we will focus on self discovery. This will allow you to reflect and disclose those aspects of yourself that you feel are most likely to contribute to your abilities as a leader. Further, you will be encouraged to give and receive feedback from others. In addition, you will have the opportunity to delve into your areas for growth. For this assignment you will also reflect on two areas of weakness (or areas that you would like to develop). Understanding your strengths and your developmental needs should help you because a heightened sense of self-awareness should guide you to make career choices that capitalize on your strengths. The first step in this assignment is to identify two areas of strength and two for development. If you are already aware of your strengths and the areas in which you would like to grow, then you simply need to determine whether you are using appropriate terminology to describe them. If you are uncertain of your strengths and areas for improvement, then you will begin the assignment with an exercise in self-reflection. Increasing Self-Awareness Step 1 Once you have identified two strengths and two areas for growth, you should compare your list with the list of competencies in For Your Improvement (on reserve in the library). Step 2 1. Consider how you exemplify the strengths / areas for development. Provide concrete examples of how you demonstrate these strengths / weaknesses in your daily life (at work or at school). 2. Describe how each of the strengths/weaknesses impacts your performance at work and/or how it currently affects your performance at school. If you find that you cannot identify how the strength/weakness helps/hinders your performance, then re-consider why it is a strength or why you would want to improve the skill, or go back to step 1 and identify another area for development. Step 3 1. Select one strength and one area for improvement. 2. Drawing on theory, explain why the strength/developmental need might affect your current performance and/or how it might positively or negatively impact your future career. When considering theory, you will want to find research articles (academic ones) in support of your hypothesis that the strength will be of benefit to your career and that the area for development will negatively affect your performance (or alternatively, why improvement in this area will be necessary for your career). Developmental Plan The next part of the assignment is to develop a plan for improvement. Your plan should be realistic and you should provide a convincing argument for why you believe it will be effective. In order to be persuasive, I recommend that you support your plan with evidence (i.e., research the potential methods that can be used to improve a particular skill and include this evidence in your paper). 1. Develop a plan of action for capitalizing on one of your strengths. a. Develop a plan for how you believe you can capitalize on your area of strength. Use specific behavioural example(s) to indicate how your plan will give you an opportunity to use the competency to advance your career. The plan should be realistic and you should apply what you know about goal setting to ensure that the plan is likely to be motivating (e.g., consider whether your plan has SMART goals). b. You will need to indicate what would constitute career success and how your plan will bring you closer to achieving it. Further, you need to use research to convince the reader that your plan will be effective. 2. Develop a plan for how you believe you can improve one of your areas of weakness. 1. Use specific behavioural example(s) to indicate how your plan will be implemented. The plan should be realistic and you should apply what you know about goal setting to ensure that the plan is likely to be motivating (e.g., consider whether your plan has SMART goals). 2. You will need to indicate what would constitute improvement. You should explain the criteria for achieving proficiency on the competency. In addition, you should provide a specific behavioural example of how you would demonstrate improvement in your own life/career. 3. Research the plan. Look for evidence to support the idea that you can improve the identified skill and that your method is likely to be successful. If your idea has not been tested, then you should provide a theoretical explanation for why it will work. Please use academic theory and research to support your plan. How to cite Self Development Assignment, Essay examples

To Kill a Mockingbird Scout Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird Scout Essay In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout learns valuable lessons on the evil of prejudice present in her Southern town of Maycomb, on the true nature of courage, and on the dangers of judging others before â€Å"†¦climbing into their skin and walking around in it.† Set in the mid 1930s, Scout Finch is a young girl living with her older brother, Jem, and her lawyer father. Being a kid, Scout has the simple duties of a minor, to have fun and to stay out of trouble. But along the way, she also learns many important things. Although the majority of her hometown is prejudiced, Scout’s innocent mind remains non prejudice and caring of others. To her, all is equal, so therefore, should be treated equal. There is no doubt that Scout’s character is one whom is an individual, someone whom will stick to her own perspective no matter how cruel and racist other people can be. In her adult world, Scout learns to treat all people fairly with dignity and respect. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Scout specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now One of the most important role models in Scout’s life, is her father, Atticus. Atticus is a small town lawyer who deals with a very tough case involving a black man and his rights. Although Atticus is a single father, he manages to teach his children right from wrong. He makes it a common practice to live his life as he would like his children to live theirs, and therefore displays the characteristics of an honest, respectable, and kind man. Atticus demonstrates his feelings for example, by showing the highest respect for everyone in Maycomb, regardless of their color or class. His serious defense for Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman, proves his high ideals. Throughout the trial process, Atticus shows Jem and Scout that a true person is standing up for what you believe in, and all human beings, despite their race, deserve respect. Atticus not only shows his non prejudice ways through defending Tom Robinson, but also through his everyday dealings with C alpurnia, the cook. He refuses to fire Calpurnia despite Aunt Alexander’s wishes, showing the high value he puts on Calpurnia. Atticus even goes as far to say he considers Calpurnia as a faithful member of the family. By doing this, Atticus hopes to show Scout and Jem that he still treats Calpurnia as an equal, even though she is black. Through her everyday life, Scout is able to gain a sense of what it means to be courageous. In the beginning of the novel, Scout faces terrible encounters with her neighbor, Mrs. Dubose. Mrs. Dubose often shouted vicious comments and criticized the children as they passed, though they have tried in every way to treat her in the kindest manner. One day, however, after Mrs. Dubose’s comments got out of hand, Jem cuts off the tops of her camellias in a rage. Attticus finds out about it and orders him to apologize immediately. Unfortunately, for Jem, his punishment is to read to Mrs. Dubose for an hour each day for a month. Left with no cho ice, Jem gathers up his courage and heads to her house everyday after school. Being a faithful sister, Scout sticks to her brother’s side and makes the horrible trips with him. Shortly after the end of Jem’s punishment, the children find out that Mrs. Dubose had passed away from cancer. Atticus explains to the children that Mrs. Dubose acted in such a bitter manner because she was going through such pain, and not because of her intentions. As a result, Jem and Scout learn about death and they gain an understanding for the type of person Mrs. Dubose was and her views of life. When Scout and Jem first meet Dill, their daily adventures become more exciting. After hearing the gruesome tales of Boo Radley from Jem, Dill thinks up games about Boo. Although these games are simply for amusement, they later teach the children about respect and understanding. In the beginning, Boo represents the unknown. The children wonder about Boo and his strange way of life, but really have no idea of who he is. At one point, the children trespass the Radley property in hopes of finding some clue which will better explain Boo’s character. As the story progresses, Boo becomes more of a symbol of kindness and bravery than that of a freak, which he is thought to be. He leaves treasures for the children in the hollow trunk of a tree, and watches out for Jem and Scout whenever possible. In the end, Scout realizes that Boo is not a monster at all, but simply a person whom is misunderstood by the people of Maycomb. .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .postImageUrl , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:hover , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:visited , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:active { border:0!important; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:active , .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua21a1c8e9e761e5e154d1124211cb19f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Julius Caesar4 EssayAt the end of the story, both Jem and Scout have better perspectives on racism and human dignity. They learn about prejudice, courage, and judging others. Though racism is a controversial matter in their town, Jem and Scout manage to dodge from other peoples’ ideas and secure their own. For example, throughout Tom Robinson’s trial, Jem and Scout keep their beliefs about his innocence. They saw him for who he was, not for the color of his skin. Later on, Scout also realizes that she was the same towards Boo Radley. When she first meets him, she learns how unfair she had been to him, believing all the horrible stories without actually knowin g him. Harper Lee’s timeless classic teaches a great lesson to many readers. She strongly emphasizes the rights and equality of all people. Many themes are contained in the novel, such as morality, innocence, and growing up. Her symbolism of the mockingbird in the book depicts people such as Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. These two people are discriminated against because of other peoples’ assumptions and negative viewpoints.

Idioms About Units of Measure

Idioms About Units of Measure Idioms About Units of Measure Idioms About Units of Measure By Mark Nichol A number of idiomatic expressions refer (often hyperbolically, or with lighthearted exaggeration) to units of English measure to describe something figuratively or make an observation. This post lists and explains many such phrases. To be â€Å"every inch a (something)† or â€Å"every inch the (something)† is to so closely match a stereotypical look or embody a trait that the comparison holds thoroughly, figuratively, from beginning to end. â€Å"Within an inch of (one’s) life† means â€Å"to an extreme degree†; to beat someone to within an inch of that person’s life is to physically attack that person so severely that he or she is very close to (figuratively, an inch away from) death. To move by inches, or inch by inch, or to inch along (or inch one’s way along) is to progress very slowly, in very short increments, whether literally or figuratively. (Other prepositions may, depending on the context, replace along.) â€Å"Come within an inch of† refers figuratively to very nearly accomplishing a goal or experiencing something. The phrase â€Å"every inch† (sometimes â€Å"every square inch†) hyperbolically refers to complete coverage, as in â€Å"Every inch of the room was strewn with toys.† To say â€Å"Give (someone) an inch and (that person) will take a mile† is to express that someone given a modest concession will take advantage to extract more from the giver. â€Å"Give an inch,† on its own (or â€Å"Budge an inch† or â€Å"Move an inch†), is usually part of a statement alluding to someone’s unwillingness to compromise, as in â€Å"You never give an inch.† To say that someone does not trust someone else an inch is to express an utter lack of faith in that person. Something that is inch-perfect is extremely accurate or well judged. Idioms that include the word foot almost invariably pertain to the anatomic feature rather than the unit of measurement, but to say that one would not touch a person or a thing with a ten-foot pole suggests in no uncertain terms that one does not want to be associated with that person or thing. The phrase â€Å"all wool and a yard wide† alludes to the high quality of a person or an object, while to say that someone goes or went â€Å"the whole nine yards† expresses that the person is or was very thorough in accomplishing something. A country mile is a longer-than-expected distance, perhaps from the notion that traveling a mile in a rural area seems longer than passing over that distance in a more congested area. The expression â€Å"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step† expresses that a formidable task is easily begun by focusing on a small initial effort. â€Å"A mile a minute† suggests doing something, such as talking, at extreme speed in a state of excitement. To say that someone can detect or observe something from a mile away hyperbolically suggests that the thing is easily noticed; however, to say that someone is miles away (or a million miles away) is to note that the person is preococcupied and not attending to a nearby activity, while to be miles from anywhere or nowhere is to literally be physically isolated. Saying that someone is a mile off or missed by a mile means that the person is mistaken or wrong to a great degree; the latter can also literally refer to someone missing a target by far or being very inaccurate in aim. â€Å"A miss is as good as a mile† means that a small failure is as just as significant as a large one. To be miles apart from agreement suggests that the parties are very much opposed. The phrase â€Å"by a mile† refers hyperbolically to accomplishing or failing to accomplish something by a significant amount. â€Å"For miles† (and â€Å"for miles and miles†), however, neutrally refers to at least several miles in such statements as â€Å"The property extends for miles in each direction.† To go the extra mile is to make greater effort than is required, while something that stands out or sticks out a mile is extremely obvious. â€Å"More bounce for the ounce† is slang referring to getting more value for one’s money with one product or investment than another. â€Å"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure† means that a minimal amount of forethought has the same value as a significant expenditure of effort to resolve an issue that developed because of lack of foresight. Other comparisons are made between commonsense and theory and between discretion and wit (in the latter case, encouraging people to withhold clever comments that may embarrass another person). To pack or pile on the pounds is to quickly gain weight. The phrase â€Å"pound for pound† means â€Å"considering the weight involved.† (In combat sports such as boxing, participants who compete in different weight classes are sometimes ranked in skills according to various criteria; this type of ranking is called â€Å"pound for pound.†) â€Å"Pound of flesh,† from Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice, alludes to an unreasonable debt, based on the character Shylock’s insistence on receiving a pound of flesh that a borrower agreed, with overconfidence, to surrender as collateral. The phrase â€Å"800-pound gorilla† refers metaphorically to an entity so powerful that it can ignore limitations others are bound to. (It alludes to the riddle â€Å"Where does an 800-pound gorilla sit?† the answer to which is â€Å"Wherever it wants.) The phrase â€Å"come down on (one) like a ton of bricks† figuratively expresses that punishment will be or has been dealt out severely, as if the person being punished was or will be buried beneath a crushing weight. When someone refers to â€Å"tons of† something, he or she is hyperbolically expressing abundance. To say that something â€Å"weighs a ton† is to exaggerate the weight of an object that must be carried or lifted that is unexpectedly or excessively heavy. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterAbstract Nouns from Adjectives5 Examples of Insufficient Hyphenation

Sex Education is the Only Way to Eliminate Many Issues, Including Teen Pregnancy

Sex Education is the Only Way to Eliminate Many Issues, Including Teen Pregnancy Sex Education – Teach It! Every society has its array of problems. Rape, incest, teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are just a few examples of societal issues regarding sexual intercourse between human beings. Thankfully, sex education is incorporated into many curriculums all over the world – teaching preteens about the birds and the bees, about the reproductive systems, etc. – and it’s certainly effective in cutting down on these problems; but sex education does not and cannot on its own eradicate rape, incest, teen pregnancy, and STDs; it needs the help of two other elements, as well: 1) Legalizing prostitution between consenting adults should not only be legal but encouraged. 2) Every school district in the world should teach middle and high school students personal finance, success planning, and entrepreneurial skills. A World Void of Sex Education Would Change the Way Humans Live Sex education is certainly a big piece of the pie. Without it, there is no direction in which to steer one’s life; a world void of sex education would change the way humans live – people’s lives would be entirely reactive, rather than proactive. With no sex education, it would be normal for 13-year-olds to give birth; or for men to rape others; for people not to practice safe-sex methods and use contraceptives, and then get abortions as frequent as flu shots, or even contract and spread sexually transmitted diseases like colds. But, no – we in America begin sex education generally around our fourth-grade year in school, just a year or two before puberty sets in. There may be some Family Health segments in the middle-school curriculum, but by the time we enter high school, we no longer see sex education in the classroom. That is a problem in the effort to eliminate these major problems that most societies face. Do you want to eliminate these problems in society? Then also legalize prostitution for adults, age 18 and up. The world should use the Netherlands as an example. Cities like Amsterdam have â€Å"red light† districts, with prostitutes, exotic dancers, and peep shows. The government regulates the field like any health job – with health checks, certain health standards, and codes, and so on. If countries were to enact laws legalizing prostitution (the practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment), then the number of rapes, instances of incest and STDs would plummet. When adults have quick access to sexual intercourse, they satisfy a powerfully motivating instinct, one that too many people cannot reason within, and so they rape others; or people (teens included) have impulsive, random sex with strangers, then contract AIDS. In addition to sex education, legal prostitution would eliminate many problems in society. It should be legal and eve n encouraged, especially when it comes to sex-hungry young adults. Sex Education Doesn’t Solve Everything In addition to sex education, school systems should also incorporate courses that teach middle and high school students the principles of success, of life planning, goals, business and entrepreneurship and personal finance. This would help cut down on, if not one day completely eradicate, various societal problems – such as teen pregnancies, for one, because it would encourage and train students to look way into the future to see what kind of life they wanted to live, the career they wanted to have, the person they wanted to be. They would see their future and make goals for success and develop a plan that gets them to this objective – and most times, they will see that having a child too young and starting a family before they even finish college is a life full of financial and emotional strain. These courses would help students take control of their lives, planning them out step by step and making goals for themselves to ensure their success. This would certainly cut down on problems like teen pregnancy and unprotected sex. Let’s conclude this argument by saying once again that sex education is of course an effective method in preventing such issues like teen pregnancy, but there is more to it than that. Equally important is the legalization of prostitution, which would cut down on rape, incest and other sexually related crimes: people would have the option of paying for their sex, and it’s more humane than them taking their sex, stealing it from the protesting bodies of unwilling people. Also, when we teach young people how to have success, they don’t make bad decisions, such as an unwanted pregnancy.

The Need for Bachelor Prepared Nurses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Need for Bachelor Prepared Nurses - Essay Example Evidently, there are a number of benefits of preparing nurses in this way and therefore society definitely has a need for bachelor prepared nurses. The first important argument for having bachelor prepared nurses is that they may be more capable in dealing with certain patients. This means that people in hospital are less likely to die from preventable causes in the hands of bachelor prepared nurses. Aiken, Clarke, Cheung, Sloane & Silber (2003) found that, in a study of hospitals in Philadeliphia, nurses with a bachelor degree had 5% less patient deaths and failure to rescue incidents than non-bachelor prepared equivalents. This was found even after adjusting for the different illnesses that the nurses were dealing with. Sasichay-Akkadechanunt, Scalzi, & Jawad (2003) found in their large study of nurses in Thailand that in-hospital deaths were reduced when patients were treated by bachelor prepared nurses. Bachelor prepared nurses may also be more qualified in basic scientific knowl edge that can be useful in their career. Thornton (1997) found that nurses who had biological and psychological knowledge from their bachelor degree were more capable and more understanding (as evaluated by co-workers, patients and the nurses themselves). These nurses were also more qualified in dealing with a wide-range of situations. This may be because nurses who had only received minimal training and had more vocational-style education may have had their experience in one or two hospital areas, and therefore were not familiar with a number of the cases in areas where they did not have training. Bachelor preparation covers a lot of ground. Manias & Bullock (2002) found that bachelor prepared nurses also had a superior knowledge of pharmacology, which is inevitably helpful when dealing with patients who need medication. Another benefit to having bachelor prepared nurses is that they can often have a better patient manner and be qualified in a number of different areas, not just be cause of their increased scientific knowledge. White, Coyne & Patel (2001) asked members of the Oncology Nursing Society to specify whether they thought that bachelor prepared nurses were adequate for end-of-life care. Not only did the nurses in the society feel that they had gained enough from their degree that they could apply in this situation, but the general feeling was that patients responded better to these nurses because bachelor preparation includes modules about talking to patients and communication. Patients often prefer and feel safer with nurses with a good bedside manner, and so this is a huge advantage to have in a nurse. There are suggestions that nurses do not need to study in formal education because their career is so practical and essay writing and research are not often used in the profession (Gurney, Mueller & Price, 1997). Although this claim may have some truth to it, in that it recognizes the nature of the profession, there are suggestions that these researc h skills can actually be useful to a nurse. Carroll et al (1997) found that nurses did use research techniques and many used them to find out more about conditions as well as take part in scholarly nursing research. If nurses were only prepared on a vocational basis, they may not have the research skills that a bachelor’

Ballet Don Quixote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ballet Don Quixote - Essay Example Th first Russin production ws producd by Chrls Didlot in two cts in St Ptrsburg in 1808, nd in 1809 vrsion ws mountd in nglnd by Jms Hrvy D'gvill. Pul Tglioni (brothr of bllrin Mri Tglioni) prsntd vrsion in Brlin in 1839 nd his uncl Slvtor Tglioni st production t th Ttro Rgio, Turin during th 1843/44 sson. lthough ll ths rly bllt vrsions of th story wr bsd on th first pisods of Crvnts story thy vrid grtly in styl nd th mtril thy chos to includ. Th first tim tht th mor comic pisods, tht rvolvd round Quitri (Kitri), Bsilio nd Cmcho (Gmch) wr usd succssfully ws in th Pris Opr production of 1801 with chorogrphy by Louis Milon. It ws titld Ls Nocs d Gmch. Th rol of Bsilio ws dncd by ugust Vstris. Th librtto tht ws followd by ugust Bournonvill in 1837 for his 3 ct Don Quixot t Cmcho's Wdding in Copnhgn for this production bcm populr nd it ws chorogrphd to mlng of music by Giocchino Rossini, tinn Mhul, Gspr Spontini, Jn Schnitzhoffr nd mor, rrngd by Otto Zinck. Milon's librtto ws lso usd by Brnrdo Vstris for his 1844/45 production t L Scl, but most notbly it ws th inspirtion for Mrius Ptip's vrsion for th Bolshoi Thtr in 1869. Ptip's vrsion of Don Quixot, to th music of Minkus who ws commissiond to writ dditionl music for nw fifth ct consisting of thr scns into which th court of Duk nd Duchss ws introducd ws to bcom th stndrd bllt vrsion of th tl. Ltr on Don Quixot ws introducd in Moscow, nd this xplins lot. Th 19th cntury critics lvishd pris on th prmir, clling th nw bllt " vision of rsplndnc, splndor nd luxury throughout" - in thtricl crnivl ur, torrid Spnish moods, pripthis of plot nd crtinly, th flming dncs, by which Ptip in th brk of his crr clbrts victory ovr his jlous comptitors. In 1900 th bllt xprincs rnissnc whn lxndr Gorsky crts his own vrsion for th Mriinsky Thtr in St Ptrsburg. Th honstly positiv plot of Lo Minkus' bllt Don Quixot in 1869 is difficult to compr with Crvnts' novl, which cn b clld th grtst stir on humn nthusism. Th chrctrs of th sddst of th knights nd his fithful squir r dpictd in too gnrl stroks. Both bllt composrs - th chif Kpllmistr of th Moscow Bolshoi Thtr, th outstnding violinist nd uthor of 16 bllts Lo Minkus nd th Chif of th Impril bllt, n dvnturr nd wndrr, th lgndry chorogrphr Mrius Ptip - vn did not try to sk sthticlly idlistic dpth in Crvnts' litrry work. Thir prtnrship is missing logicl progrss of plot. Th succss nd nduring ttrction of th bllt Don Quixot lis in th lmnt of dnc. dnc phrs cn somtims ovrlp its ssocitd music. " Sinc thn, Don Quixot hs continud to b forgd in mny chorogrphic nd musicl vrsions. Th Octobr Rvolution of 1917 incrsd trror nd slughtrs cross Russi. In its wk, Nichols Srgyv fld to th Wst. H could only tk wht ws ssntil: food, clothing nd th chorogrphy to th clssic bllts. fw yrs ltr, thnks to Srgyv, Wstrn udincs got s th full lngth vrsion of Don Quixot for th first tim. It ws not wht thy xpctd. Th Spnish pnch nd fir is no doubt wht involvd chorogrphr Mrius Ptip to th proprty in th first plc. nd it's ttrctd just bout vry dncr sinc. Ordinrily, this typ of dncing isn't tht much of posr for dncr - but in Don Quixot, thr's n ddd twist. Ptip's chorogrphy isn't ntirly fithful to th idiom. It's mor lik 'brokn Spnish.' Ptip's bility

Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education Essay

Explaining The Pumping Action In A Heart Physical Education Essay The heart is the most important organ of the blood which keeps the other internal organs alive by supplying blood and oxygen hence making it a life maintaining organ. The objective of this essay is to explain the pumping action of the heart, transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular system and how reduced blood flow can affect cardiac function. A treatment for this cardiac malfunctioning is also explained. I will begin the essay by explaining the anatomical structure of the heart and then explain how the pumping action of the heart. The second part of the essay will include how the reduction in blood flow can affect the cardiac function and finally a treatment to cure this problem will be explained. The heart is a life maintaining organ weighs almost less then a pound, barely the size of the fist and located in the mediastinum of the throracic cavity of human body. The shape of the heart is like a inverted cone which has a blunt tapered end that points to the left hip and the base pointing towards the right shoulder. The heart lies more close to the left that is nearly third of it and rest on the diaphragm in between the two lungs. This is shown in figure 1 which shows the location of the heart. Fig.1: Anterior view of the heart in the mediastinum The entire heart is covered by a dense fibrous tissue called the pericardium which comprises of a dense connective tissue called the fibrous pericardium which protects the heart from over stretching due to excessive filling, it also consists of the serous pericardium which forms deeper portion of the heart. The serous layer is further divided into the parietal layer which lines the outer layers the and visceral layer which lines the innermost layers of the heart. A fluid which reduces friction is present in the pericardial cavity that separates these parietal and visceral layers. The below figure (see fig. 2 ) shows the different layers of the the pericardium. Fig.2: The pericardium and the Heart wall http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=cardiopart=A1016rendertype=figureid=A1019 As shown in the above figure (see fig.2), the heart wall is composed of three different layers ; epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium which forms superficial layer of the heart wall consists of mainly adipose tissue. The endocardium forms the deeper layer of the heart and is filled with squamous endothelium and aerolar tissues. Between these two layers lies the myocardium which is made up of cardiac muscles that help in the contraction of the heart. Its relatively a thick layer as it helps the heart to perform its normal pumping action that is contraction and expansion of the heart at regular intervals. On the outer surface of the heart there many grooves and layers of fat called the sulci. The heart is divided into four chambers which has two inferior intermittent pumps which discharge blood out of the heart called the right and the left ventricles and two superior primer pumps called the right and left atria receiving deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from the body and the lungs respectively. The ventricles are separated from each other by a relatively thick muscle called the interventricular septum but atria are separated from each other by relatively a thinner wall called the interatrial septum as it has lighter workload comparing the ventricles. The right ventricle has thicker walls comparing the left ventricle because it has to pump more blood during systemic circulation. The presence of heart valves prevents the back flow blood and hence ensures that blood flows effectively in one direction. There are two types of valves which are the atrioventricular (AV) valves and the semilunar valves. The AV valves consists of the the tricuspid and bicuspid (mitral) valves th at are located on the right and left side of the heart between the ventricles and atria respectively. The semilunar valves on the other hand lie on the bases of aorta and the pulmonary artery. These valves consists of the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve has thread like structures that are connected to tendon like cords called the chordae tendinae. The anatomical structure of the heart and the heart valves is shown in figure 3. Fig.3: The heart and the heart valves http://yoursurgery.com/ProcedureDetails.cfm?BR=3Proc=24 Blood Flow Through The Heart The blood flow through the heart is explained by the pulmonary and systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood is drained into the right atrium by the superior and the inferior vena cava. The pressure in the right atrium increases forcing the tricuspid valve to open and hence draining the entire deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle. The volume of blood in the ventricle increases and the maximum volume of the blood in the right ventricle after the contraction of the right atrium is called end diastolic volume (EDV). EDV is generally about 140ml. As the tricuspid valve closes the pressure in the ventricles increases. During this phase the ventricles contract but the pressure is not enough for the pulmonary valve to open hence resulting in isometric contraction as a result all the heart valves are closed during this phase and the volume in the ventricles remains constant. As the pressure continues to increase comparing the right atrium the blood forces open the pulmonary valve and the deoxygenated blood is pushed into the pulmonary trunk that divides into the pulmonary arteries. After the contraction of the ventricle that is the systole, the amount of blood remaining in the ventricle is called the end systolic volume (ESV). The difference between EDV and ESV gives the stroke volume (SV) that is the blood pumped out of the ventricles during a single heart beat. The pulmonary arteries carries the deoxygenated blood to the right and the left lung for oxygenation. Once the blood is oxygenated it is returned back to the heart by the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein empties the oxygenated blood into the left atrium, hence completing the pulmonary circulation and as the pressure in this atrium increases the blood is drained into the left ventricle by forcing open the mitral valve. When the mitral valve is closed the the pressure rises again comparing the left atrium and the blood is pushed into the aorta by opening the aortic valve. This oxygenated blood is transport ed to various parts of the body to carry out haemodynamic activities ( which includes the exchange of oxygen and carbondioxide with the blood ) . The systemic circulation is completed once the deoxygenated blood is returned back to the right atrium from different parts of the body by the venae caveae. Fig.4: Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation of the heart http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-1_cardiovascular_sy_c.jpg During the phase of the first diastole, the ventricular relaxation takes place as a result the semilunar valves are closed and also the AV valves are also closed during this time as a result the volume of blood in the ventricles remains constant, hence this phase is called the isovolumetric relaxation. The diagrammatic explanation of the cardiac cycle is explained in figure 5. Fig.5: The Cardiac Cycle http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/f22-11_cardiac_cycle_c.jpg Cardiac Conduction System In this system the pumping action of the heart is synchronised by the electrical activity of the heart. Electrical signals are generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node which is the bodies natural pacemaker. This node generates pulses that propagate throughout the right atrium and through the Bachmanns bundle hence stimulating both the atria. These pulses travel from SA node the to the atrioventricular (AV) node through certain paths known as internodal tracts. The AV node acts as a gatekeeper and prevents all the pulses to travel from the atria to the ventricles, hence causing some delay in the excitation. From the AV node the signals travel through the Purkinje fibres that divides itself into right and left and excites both the ventricles. This process repeats and the contraction of the heart takes place. Transportation of Oxygen by Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system is a dense network of arteries, veins, capillaries etc. which is involved in the transportation of blood gases to and from the various parts of the body. In this part I will talking about how the cardiovascular system transports oxygen to different parts of the body. The oxygenated blood which is pumped from the left ventricle is transported by the aorta. The aorta is the largest artery of the human body which is made up of several layers of the elastin fibers and covered by smooth muscle. Blood flows in the arteries with high pressures hence these arteries expand (vasodilation) and contract (vasoconstriction) thus helping to regulate blood pressure. The aorta bifurcates into various different arteries smaller in size carrying oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. These arteries further divide into arterioles whose diameter is much smaller comparing the arteries and are less elastic. These arterioles are made up of thick layer of smooth muscles an d are controlled by the autonomic nervous system that control their diameter. Oxygenated blood now passes from the arterioles to the capillaries which are the functional unit of the cardiovascular system. Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of blood gases and other nutrients between different tissues and blood through the process of diffusion. As diffusion is the process by which gases or fluids flow from higher to lower concentration therefore at the capillary level the concentration of oxygen is more in the capillaries and on the other hand the concentration of carbondioxide is more in the tissue than in the capillaries therefore the diffusion of these gases takes place. Oxygen is diffused into the tissues and carbondioxide on the other hand is diffused into the tissues. This is how oxygen is transported to different parts of the body. This deoxygenated blood is collected from the venules which are connected to the capillaries. Theses venules group together to form veins. Hence this deoxygenated blood is returned back to the heart for oxygenation and the entire process is repeated. The entire process of the transportation of oxygen by the cardiovascular system is explained in figure 6 Fig 6: Blood flow and capillary exchange of oxygen http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Blood-General-Overview.htm Effects Of Reduced Coronary Blood Flow And Its Treatment Reduced coronary blood flow results in a condition known as ischemia where the myocardiac tissue is deprived of oxygen due to inadequate blood flow. The inadequacy is caused by formation of localised plaques of lipids that protrude within the artery causing a reduction in blood flow. As a result of reduced blood flow, there is a reduction in the level of oxygen which is required to carry out metabolic activities of the tissues. In ischemia the anaerobic respiration of the tissue results in the formation of lactic acid which leads to sever pain in the chest region. This pain is called angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is classified into two types; stable and unstable. Stable angina which causes pain in the chest region may arise from some physical activity ( running, jogging etc.). During these activities the need for oxygen is more to carry out metabolic activities in a faster rate compared to the supply of oxygen as a result anaerobic respiration of the tissues takes place and hence results in the formation of lactic acids which causes this pain. In unstable angina there is a persistent pain in the chest regions this is because of the accumulation of platelets on the ruptured plaques which leads to the blockage of the arteries and hence causing immense reduction in blood flow. Persistent unstable angina may cause myocardial infraction which ultimately may lead to sudden death. There are many ways to treat angina it may be either surgical or non surgical ways. Surgical methods include coronary balloon angioplasty where a catheter is passed into an artery with a balloon at the tip of the catheter. The balloon is made to expand causing the artery to expand and hence breaking of the plaque of lipids in the artery. Another types of surgical method is the coronary bypass surgery where the blocked artery is completely removed and replaced with a new one taken from different parts of the body. Non surgical methods include taking drugs that cause vasodilation such as ni troglycerin which converts into nitric oxide and hence dilates the coronary artery causing an increase in blood flow. Beta adrenergic blocking receptors are used to reduce the heart rate and therefore causing a reduction in cardiac output. Other techniques that involve the use of calcium channel blockers that are used for vasodilation and hence helping the flow of blood. Conclusion The heart is a an electromechanical pump which carries out its action through pulmonary and systemic circulation. The pumping action is well synchronised such that there is proper blood flow within the heart and outside to carry out haemodynamic activities. The transportation of blood is carried by a system consisting various networks that are spread throughout the body known as the cardiovascular system. This system helps in the transportation of oxygen to different tissues in order to carry out different metabolic activities. The exchange of oxygen between tissues and the cardiovascular system takes place through a process called diffusion. The effects of reduced blood are many and can lead to a condition known as ischemia. Angina pectoris is one of the main problems that can cause due to reduced blood flow and hence causing a sever pain in the chest region and on sever reduction in blood flow it may even lead to myocardial infraction which ultimately leads to death. There are nume rous treatments for curing this particular problem, it may be either through surgical methods which includes cardiopulmonary bypass and angioplasty or using drugs that increase vasodilation and decrease cardiac output. These drugs include beta receptors, calcium channel blockers and nitroglycerin.

Congo

A component in the development in Operation â€Å"Save the Congo' that we will focus lies in the Health infrastructure. The Democratic Republic of Congo was one of the first African countries to recognize HIV, registering cases as early as 1983. The most common method of transferring the virus occurs through homosexual activity; linking to over 87% cases in the Congo. Demographically, the ages groups most affected are women aged 20 to about 29 and men alike aged 30 to 39.Other method that contribute to the rampant spread of the virus are the large movement of refugees nd soldiers; seeing as though population movements are often associated with the exacerbation of the HIV virus as it is now localized in areas most populated by troops and in other war-displaced populations. In addition, there is the increased levels of sexual transmitted diseases among sex workers and clientele alike, due to the limited availability of condoms in the country.All in all, without the relief of Operation â€Å"Save the Congo' the continuing problem of HIV/AIDS in the Democratic Republic of Congo becomes a leading issue in a country already suffering from other health issues. Along with the spread of the HIV virus, the impact that malaria has on the Democratic Republic of Congo is profound, and this is due to the expansion by insects and the fact that malaria is the primary cause of mortality among pregnant women and young children. On average, there are five million cases of malaria every year in the Congo and around 500,000 to one million people die of this disease every year.In addition, 97% of the countrys 70 million inhabitants live in areas where malaria is deeply concentrated, subjecting most of inhabitants with the vicious disease. Mosquitoes are the primary carriers of malaria, and due to the fact that Congo is located close to the equator, one can assume that the high number of mosquito presence is chiefly due to the humid climate of the country. Along with the expansion of the malaria disease, there are its impacts on pregnant women and children. Of the people that die from malaria, 91% of those inhabitants are ones that are pregnant women or children under the age of five.Children bear the majority of the burden of both the morbidity and mortality, as they are at greater risk of catching he disease and dying as well. Out of the 5 million reported cases of malaria, around 2. 3 million cases of children under five with malaria were reported; with around 25,000 of the 2. 3 million dying from malaria- related diseases. Another section of the health infrastructure we would like to focus on in our relief plan lies in the topic of maternal and child health care.In other words, aside from the malaria epidemic there are other health factors needed to be taken into consideration when discussing maternal and child health care. Due to the lack of resources in the Congo, women nd their children have continuous struggles in sustaining their resources, and thus, taking proper care of their children. The lack of clean water and liveable homes attribute to the dismal health of women and their families, and this only makes them more susceptible to the rampant diseases described previously.According to the United Nations Population Fund released in June 2011, maternal mortality rate for the Democratic Republic of the Congo per 100,000 is 670 deaths. Meaning, that for every 100,000 childbearing woman in the Congo, there are 670 infant deaths. Compared of ther developing countries, that ranks in the top percentile as tar as maternal mortality rates, and that fgure alone only begins to outline the profound impact the weak health infrastructure and the lasting impacts it has on women and children in the country.Despite the daily turmoil men, women and children face everyday in the Democratic Republic of Congo, there is hope. With the implementation of Operation: Save The Congo, we can finally provide the needed relief efforts that was never before applied to the country. Similar to the New Deal used in the United States uring the Great Depression, these programs are meant to relief and reform the Congo into a livable society, and get it to a point where it may function and prosper on its own.In order to achieve this landmark reform in the health sector, Operation: Save the Congo will first build new hospitals. The lack of stable, sanitary hospitals is an on-going problem that continues in the Congo, but with the relief that Operation STC provides, funding will go into building hospitals, helping solve the problems of HIV/AIDS and malaria. In addition, new hospitals will help decrease the maternal ortality rates, as we will provide new technologies needed to prevent disease and malnutrition.Moreover, we want to do a â€Å"reverse brain-drain† method in which we partner will developed countries and send highly skilled doctors, physicians, and nurses over to the Congo to work in these hospitals and provide expert health care. A big part of the new health infrastructure will be the development of a new filtration system to produce clean water not only for newly built hospitals, but for the country in total. This project will be the top priority in guiding the Congo into a new era in ealth technology, as the production of clean water will diminish mortality rates, and it will also help prevent other diseases.Lastly there is the building of living shelters across the country, providing imported foods and goods from developed countries in an effort to sustain lives. This will give the necessary shelter women, men and children need in order to live their lives fully. Bringing in imported foods and goods would also contribute to the decline of diseases, as it gives its inhabitants the proper nutrients from the foods and the quality living standards from the newly imported goods. All in all, these are the problems that persists in the health sector of the Democratic Republic of Congo.HIV/AID, malaria, lac k of resources are all continuous strains on this developing country and its people are fading fast. The programs that were Just highlighted will save the congo, as it will provide newly built facilities including hospital and living shelters with trained practitioners and a new clean water filtration system. With these programs set in place, the health infrastructure in the Democratic Republic of Congo will be on course on becoming a great leader for health in the world.

How Rational Choice Theory Influences Human Behavior

Economics plays a huge role in human behavior. That is, people are often motivated by money and the possibility of making a profit, calculating the likely costs and benefits of any action before deciding what to do. This way of thinking is called rational choice theory. Rational choice theory was pioneered by sociologist George Homans, who in 1961 laid the basic framework for exchange theory, which he grounded in hypotheses  drawn from behavioral psychology. During the 1960s and 1970s, other theorists (Blau, Coleman, and Cook) extended and enlarged his framework and helped to develop a more formal model of rational choice. Over the years, rational choice theorists have become increasingly mathematical. Even ​Marxists  have come to see rational choice theory as the basis of a Marxist theory of class and exploitation.​​​ Human Actions Are Calculated and Individualistic Economic theories look at the ways in which the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services are organized through money. Rational choice theorists have argued that the same general principles can be used to understand human interactions where time, information, approval, and prestige are the resources being exchanged. According to this theory, individuals are motivated by their personal wants and goals and are driven by personal desires. Since it is not possible for individuals to attain all of the various things that they want, they must make choices related to both their goals and the means for attaining those goals. Individuals must anticipate the outcomes of alternative courses of action and calculate which action will be best for them. In the end, rational individuals choose the course of action that is likely to give them the greatest satisfaction. One key element in rational choice theory is the belief that all action is fundamentally â€Å"rational† in character. This distinguishes it from other forms of theory because it denies the existence of any kind of action other than purely rational and calculative actions. It argues that all social action can be seen as rationally motivated, however much it may appear to be irrational. Also central to all forms of rational choice theory is the assumption that complex social phenomena can be explained in terms of the individual actions that lead to that phenomena. This is called methodological individualism, which holds that the elementary unit of social life is individual human action. Thus, if we want to explain social change and social institutions, we simply need to show how they arise as the result of individual action and interactions. Critiques of Rational Choice Theory Critics have argued that there are several problems with rational choice theory. The first problem with the theory has to do with explaining collective action. That is if individuals simply base their actions on calculations of personal profit, why would they ever choose to do something that will benefit others more than themselves? Rational choice theory does address behaviors that are selfless, altruistic, or philanthropic. Related to the first problem just discussed, the second problem with rational choice theory, according to its critics, has to do with social norms. This theory does not explain why some people seem to accept and follow social norms of behavior that lead them to act in selfless ways or to feel a sense of obligation that overrides their self-interest. The third argument against rational choice theory is that it is too individualistic. According to critics of individualistic theories, they fail to explain and take proper account of the existence of larger social structures. That is, there must be social structures that cannot be reduced to the actions of individuals and therefore have to be explained in different terms.

The Assessment Process Of The Early Childhood Classroom

Module 1 Assessments Explain the Assessment process as used in the early childhood classroom The assessment process in the classroom can be completed in several different ways, but they are effective in helping children. Some steps may include observations, testing, and evaluations. These assessments can help the caregivers provide the children with the best care possible and available for them. These observations and test may be completed from several sources and situations to ensure the test are accurate. Compare and contrast â€Å"traditional assessment† and â€Å"authentic assessment† giving several examples of each. When talking about traditional assessment and authentic assessment there are ways they can be expressed as being different. Authentic assessment is ongoing and applies to all areas in the school or childcare setting. These are practical and express intellectual challenges. This can be completed by matching games, puzzles, and identifying objects. Caregivers and teachers must observe and keep track of the child’s progress to ensure they are meeting their goals. This is another task a teacher must perform on top of teaching. Traditional assessment emphasizes uniform and rote testing. In traditional settings the child’s behavior is looked at in group settings not just a one on one forum. Things are looked at from a group stand point for examples are the children sharing, interacting with others, and feeling like they belong in a group and not just one individual.Show MoreRelatedEarly Childhood Curriculum Planning Essay examples716 Words   |  3 Pagespurpose of curriculu m in the early childhood classroom. Discussed will be the definition of an integrated curriculum, and the connection between curriculum and development in the pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten student. The core content areas of childhood development will be outlined and defined and developmental support provided to all areas of content will be examined. 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